Improvement in electric heat and vapor governors for spinning and weaving rooms



- J. -M.WBRADPORD. v

Electric Heat and Vapor Goyernor for Spinning and Weaving Rooms.

N'-o;2-2 2 ,234. Patented Dec. 2,1879. 1

Ill iiallllllllm UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

JULIEN BRADFORD, OF PORTLAND, MAINE, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF OF HIS RIGHT TO ZEBULON K. HARMON, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRIC HEAT AND VAPOR GOVERNORS FOR SPINNING AND WEiWlNG ROOMS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 222,234, dated December 2, 1879; application filed January 14, 1878.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JULIEN M. BRADFORD,

of Portland, county of Cumberland, and State either temperature or moisture is necessary or desirable.

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of the governor. Fig. 2 represents a side elevation of a hygrometer... Fig. 3 represents another form of hygrometer "in side elevation.

The valve situated at B, Fig. 1, controls th steam flowing from the boiler to the heatingcoils; consequently when this valve is closed no steam enters the coils, and they do not heat the rooni: On the other hand, when this valve is open the steam enters the coils and heats the room. This valve is opened and closedby means of the eccentric a, to whichthevalve is connected by means of the rod 0 b. This eccentric, together with the rest of the train, derives its motive power from the weight D.

a The rod 0 b,above mentioned, carries a metallic spring, a, which touches a metallic pin, f, when the valveyis open, and a similar pin at 9 when the valve is closed. These two pins are insulated from the metallic plate to which they are attached and are joined 'toconnect ing-screws, which are also insulated from the plate. A third insulated connecting-screw is placed ath,and is connected to one wire of the temporary magnetO, the other wire of this magnet being connected to the metallic plate of the machine.

The thermometerissituated in the room to be heated, and consists of a rod of vulcanized rubber orrmetal, d j, one end of which is furnished with a metallic strip, which plays betweenthe screwsft 7t. These screws are adjusted according to the temperature wanted,

and as long as this temperature is maintained the above-mentioned metallic strip will not touch either of the screws 5 but should the temperature rise too high the expansion of the rod d j causes the screw 70 to be touched, which completes an electric circuit, and sends a current through the wire I m, thence through the spring 0, thence to the magnet through the metallic plate of the machine, and back to the battery through the wire joined to the connectin g-screwh. This current causes the magnet Q to pull the armature o 1) toward it, and by this means the fly i is disengaged and the lever r is lifted from a slot in the wheel 8. The train now moves until the wheel 8 has made half a revolution, at which time the lever 7 drops into a second slot in the wheel s, which causes the armature o p to catch the fly i and stop the train. The machine now remains at rest with the valvgclosed until the temperature of the room falls sufiiciently to cause the thermometer to contract sufficiently to touch the screw t. As soon as this screw is touched a second current flows to the magnet through the wire y c. This causes the machine to start, open the valve, and stop again, as before.

By this arrangement the machine is always at rest, and the electric current always broken, excepting while the valve is being moved, thereby economizin g the electrical and motive power to the greatest extent.

The electric circuit including the wire 1111,.

I call the closingcircuit, because its whole office is to cause the train to close the valve. The electric circuit including the "wire y o, I call the openingcircuit, because its whole oflice is to cause the train to open thevalve.

When the apparatus is used to regulate the moisture of rooms, the valve B controls the steam supplying the vaporjets, and a hygrometer controls the machine operating this valve. Airinstrument operating in essentially the same manner as the wet-bulb hygrometer may be arranged to close the electric'circuits which controlthe governor; butin this case it is absolutel5 necessary that the temperature of the room should remain uniform, because, a rise of temperature is equivalent to a diminution of moisture, and a fall of temperature isequivalent to an increase of moisture.

The heat from the radiating-coils can be controlled by the governor, as shown at Fig. 1; but this does not Wholly remove the difficulty,

because the steam injected into the room for the purpose of maintaining a proper degree of moisture sometimes diffuses its heat with greater facility than it does its moisture, and for this reason the temperature is unavoidably increased at the same time that the air is being moistened. For this reason the vaporgovernor should work in accordance with some form of hygrometer which will give a direct indication as to the dryness or moisture of the air without special reference to the temperature of the room.

An instrument substantially fulfilling the above conditions is shown in Fig. 2. It comprises a thermometer and hygrometer united in such a manner that the disturbing influence of temperature may, in a great measure, be controlled.

c f represent a rod of hard rubber or metal, which is kept wet by a piece of cloth, by which it is enveloped. g h is a second rod of similar material. Both of these rods are joined to the lever c d. If both of the rods 9 k and e f expand or contract in the same measure at the same time the end of the lever c d is not much moved; but if one ofthe rods move while the other remains stationary, or if one expand while the other contracts, the end of the lever c d makes a sensible movement to the right or left, according to the movement of the rods.

A simpler form of hygrometer which may be substituted for the one last described is repre sented at Fig. 3. It consists of a line of catgut or light cotton cord, a I) which moves the lever c 01 when the dryness or humidity of the air causes the line a. b to contract or expand.

The lever 0 d belonging to both forms of hygrometer above described, closes the circuits for the machine when it is used as a vaporgovernor in the same manner as the thermometer closes the circuits when the apparatus is used as a heat-governor.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent 1. The combination of a thermometer, closing-circuit. spring 6, magnet O, armature 0 p, with a train for closing a valve, operating in the manner and for the purpose substantially as described.

2. The combination of a thermometer, opening-circuit, spring a, magnet O, armature o p, with a train for opening a valve, operating in the manner and for the purpose substantially as described.

JULIEN M. BRADFORD. 

